FORM
 
AFFIRMATIVE (+)
  Past Simple Past Continuous
  S + V2 S + was / were + Ving
I I worked I was working
we we worked we were working
you you worked you were working
they they worked they were working
he he worked he was working
she she worked she was working
it it worked it was working
 
NEGATIVE (-)
  Past Simple Past Continuous
  S + did + not + V S + was / were + not + Ving
I I did not work I was not working
we we did not work you were not working
you you did not work we were not working
they they did not work they were not working
he he did not work he was not working
she she did not work she was not working
it it did not work it was not working
  did not = didn't
was not = wasn't
were not = weren't
 
INTERROGATIVE (?) — General questions (or "Yes/ No") questions
  Past Simple Past Continuous
  did + S + V … ? was / were + S + Ving … ?
I did I work was I working
we did we work were we working
you did you work were you working
they did they work were they working
he did he work was he working
she did she work was she working
it did it work was it working
 
INTERROGATIVE (?) — Special (or "Wh") questions
To make "Wh" questions we usually put a question word (QW) before a construction of "Yes/No" questions:
E.g.
Past Simple Past Continuous
QW + did + S + V … ? QW + was / were + S + Ving … ?
Why did you work … ? Why were you working … ?
When did he work … ? When was he working … ?
 
SHORT ANSWERS
Past Simple   Past Continuous  
Yes, S + did. No, S + didn't. Yes, S + was / were. No, S + wasn't. / weren't.
Yes, I did. No, I didn't. Yes, I was. No, I wasn't.
Yes, we did. No, we didn't. Yes, we were. No, we weren't.
Yes, you did. No, you didn't. Yes, you were. No, you weren't.
Yes, they did. No, they didn't. Yes, they were. No, they weren't.
Yes, he did. No, he didn't. Yes, he was. No, he wasn't.
Yes, she did. No, she didn't. Yes, she was. No, she wasn't.
Yes, it did. No, it didn't. Yes, it was. No, it wasn't.
Зверни увагу!
NOTE!
In short answers we use pronouns (I, we, you, they, he, she, it).
E.g.
— Did Mary go shopping yesterday?
— No, she didn't. (NOT: No, Mary didn't.)
***
V — Verb (the infinitive of the verb without "to"/ Present Simple verb (for I, we, you, they). E.g. write, go, listen, etc.
V2 — Verb in the 2nd form (Past Simple). E.g. wrote, went, listened, etc. 
Revise irregular verbs here and how to add "ed" to regular verbs here.
Ving — Verb ending in "-ing" (Present Participle). E.g. writing, going, listening, etc. Revise how to add "ing" to a verb here.
S — Subject of the sentence
QW — Question word (E.g.what, when, where, why, who, how)