FORM
The verb 'be'
AFFIRMATIVE (+)
Past Simple | Present Perfect | |
S + was / were | S + have / has + been | |
I | I was | I have been |
we | we were | we have been |
you | you were | you have been |
they | they were | they have been |
he | he was | he has been |
she | she was | she has been |
it | it was | it has been |
NEGATIVE (-)
Past Simple | Present Perfect | |
S + was / were + not | S + have / has + not + been | |
I | I was not | I have not been |
we | we were not | you have not been |
you | you were not | we have not been |
they | they were not | they have not been |
he | he was not | he has not been |
she | she was not | she has not been |
it | it was not | it has not been |
was not = wasn't
were not = weren't
|
has not = hasn't
have not = haven't
|
INTERROGATIVE (?) — General questions (or "Yes/ No") questions
Past Simple | Present Perfect | |
was + S … ? | have / has + S + been … ? | |
I | was I | has I been |
we | were we | have we been |
you | were you | have you been |
they | were they | have they been |
he | was he | has he been |
she | was she | has she been |
it | was it | has it been |
INTERROGATIVE (?) — Special (or "Wh") questions
To make "Wh" questions we usually put a question word (QW) before a construction of "Yes/No" questions:
E.g.
Past Simple | Past Continuous |
QW + was / were + S + … ? | QW + have / has + S + been … ? |
Why were you … ? | How many times have you been … ? |
Where was he … ? | Where has he been … ? |
SHORT ANSWERS
Past Simple | Past Continuous | ||
Yes, S + did. | No, S + didn't. | Yes, S + was / were. | No, S + wasn't. / weren't. |
Yes, I was. | No, I wasn't. | Yes, I have. | No, I haven't. |
Yes, we were. | No, we weren't. | Yes, we have. | No, we haven't. |
Yes, you were. | No, you weren't. | Yes, you have. | No, you haven't. |
Yes, they were. | No, they weren't. | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. |
Yes, he was. | No, he wasn't. | Yes, he has. | No, he hasn't. |
Yes, she was. | No, she wasn't. | Yes, she has. | No, she hasn't. |
Yes, it was. | No, it wasn't. | Yes, it has. | No, it hasn't. |
Зверни увагу!
NOTE!
In short answers we use pronouns (I, we, you, they, he, she, it).
E.g.
— Has Maria been to London?
— No, she hasn't. (NOT: No, Maria didn't.)
***
S — Subject of the sentence
QW — Question word (E.g. what, when, where, why, who, how)